表示将要发生的动作和状态在英语中用将来时,将来时在英语中有多种表达形式,为了掌握它们的区别和用法,下面笔者对它们进行分类总结。
|
形式 |
动作行为 |
时间发生 |
语气和情态 |
意义和用法 |
例句 |
|
will/shall +v |
主观或客观 |
近期或远期 |
含有情态的色彩(意想,决心), |
表示在将来某一时间会发生或经常发生的动作或存在的状态。可用于表示不以人们的意志为转移的事。 |
Tomorrow will be Sunday. Tom will be 20 next year. Will you go to the party tonight? |
|
to be going to +v |
主观 |
近期 |
主语的意图 |
表示即将发生的事或最近打算进行的动作。多用于口语中,表示说话者的意图,推测和打算,可表示自然和生理现象。 |
I think it is going to rain. She is going to have a baby. They are going to get married next week. The bridge is going to collapse. |
|
be +v ing |
客观 |
近期 |
较婉转 |
表示按计划和安排即将发生的动作。动词多是一些“来去”移动词,如:go, come, leave, start, move, sail, arrive, reach, stop, return, stay, drive, travel, remain, land等。 |
President is speaking on the air tonight. He is leaving for Beijing tomorrow. The plane is landing soon.. |
|
to be to +v |
客观或主观 |
近期或远期 |
职责和义务 |
表示按计划,安排即将要发生的动作, 或征求对方的意见或表示命令。受人们的意志所支配。比较正式。 |
Am I to go on with the work?
We are to turn out 10000 cars next year.
You are to take the trip. |
|
v |
客观 |
近期 |
|
表示根据规定或时刻预计要发生的动作或状态。一般有时间状语, 强调动作是不可改变的,动词多是那些表“来去”“起止”的动词,如:arrive, begin, close, come, depart, dine, end, go, leave, meet, open, part, start, sail, stay, stop, return等,可用表状态的"be",表示年龄和日期。一般用于肯定句。 |
The plane leaves at six.
This term starts on 1st September.
Tomorrow is Saturday.
I am fifty in May. |
|
will/shall be+v ing |
客观或主观 |
近期或远期 |
语气婉转,没有情态的色彩 |
表示将要发生的动作,有弦外之意,表示事情的正常进程,在计划之中。 |
I will be seeing him this morning.(Do you want me to do something for you.)
I don't think I will be using that book next week.
When will you be seeing the president? |
|
to be about to+v |
主观或客观 |
近期 |
|
表示将要发生的动作。一般不带表示将来的时间状语。 |
They are about to leave.
Autumn harvest is about to start. | |